See plebs on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plebs",
"4": "plēbs",
"5": "the plebeian class"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”), variant of earlier plēbēs. Later also understood as the plural of pleb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "plebs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pleb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pleb"
],
"id": "en-plebs-en-noun-hakHPSGs",
"links": [
[
"pleb",
"pleb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛbz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛbz"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebiscite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tribune of the plebs"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plebs",
"4": "plēbs",
"5": "the plebeian class"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”), variant of earlier plēbēs. Later also understood as the plural of pleb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "plebs pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebeian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pleb"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 79 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 54 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pluralia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 78 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 20 0 23 4 5 1 9 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 22 0 25 4 6 0 9 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 85 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 74 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 71 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 71 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 80 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 77 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 77 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 77 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 63 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 70 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 73 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 71 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 77 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 79 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 87 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roman Empire",
"orig": "en:Roman Empire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
]
],
"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], line 92:",
"text": "Why I am going with my pidgeons to the tribunall Plebs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The plebeian class of Ancient Rome."
],
"id": "en-plebs-en-noun-HumisD7l",
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The plebeian class of Ancient Rome."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebeiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1657, George Daniel, \"The Author\" in Poems, Vol. II, p. 131",
"roman": "Then Stop the giddie Clamouring of Plebs...",
"text": "For 'tis an Easier Thing\nTo make Trees Leape, and Stones selfe-burthens bring\n(As once Amphion to the walls of Thæbes,)"
},
{
"text": "1993, Max Cavalera, \"Refuse/Resist\", Sepultura, Chaos A.D.\nChaos A.D. / Tanks On The Streets / Confronting Police / Bleeding The Plebs"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
163,
168
]
],
"ref": "2000, James Fentress, chapter 1, in Rebels & Mafiosi: Death in a Sicilian Landscape:",
"text": "The history of Palermo was punctuated by such uprisings; when they happened, the great barons simply fled to the safety of their country villas, leaving the urban plebs free to sack their palaces in the city.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "2009, Erica Benner, chapter 8, in Machiavelli's Ethics:",
"text": "The lesser plebs are not unscrupulous troublemakers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common people, especially (derogatory) the mob."
],
"id": "en-plebs-en-noun-ga7rHplN",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonality"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonalty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "demos"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "everyone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "general public"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unhosed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "hoi polloi"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "lower class"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "many"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "mob"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "multitude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "odds and sods"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "peasantry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "populace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "proletariat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rabble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rank and file"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "working class"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùmín",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "popolamaso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"alt": "しょみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "seomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "서민"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "'avâm",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "عوام"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebéi",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "плебе́и"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "es",
"english": "the lowest plebs",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "the lowest plebs",
"word": "populacho"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛbz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛbz"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "plebs m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 20 0 23 4 5 1 9 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 22 0 25 4 6 0 9 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, commoners"
],
"id": "en-plebs-cs-noun-ZLWkUzES",
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"commoners",
"commoners"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "plebej"
},
{
"word": "plebejec"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛps]"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plēbs"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plēbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "plebs n (uncountable, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"plebs"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebejer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebejisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plebisciet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"plebs, rabble, riffraff"
],
"id": "en-plebs-nl-noun-aIHbzGK6",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) plebs, rabble, riffraff"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gepeupel"
},
{
"word": "gespuis"
},
{
"word": "grauw"
},
{
"word": "tuig van de richel"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 1 20 0 23 4 5 1 9 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 22 0 25 4 6 0 9 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"id": "en-plebs-nl-noun-74ntTuyS",
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛps/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-plebs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg/Nl-plebs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "concilium plēbis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbēcula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbicula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbēius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbicola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbiscītum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tribūnus plēbis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pleb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pliveíos",
"word": "πληβείος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"f"
],
"roman": "pliveía",
"word": "πληβεία"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the plural"
],
"word": "*pluɨβ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "plēbēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin plēbēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plēðwēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðwēs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₂s",
"4": "*pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληθῡ́ς",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔",
"3": "",
"4": "plebeian",
"pos": "nom. sg."
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plēðros",
"pos": "a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Latin populus",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin plēbēs, from Proto-Italic *plēðwēs, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és (whence Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)), from the root *pleh₁- (“fill”), whence pleō. Cognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.), perhaps derived from Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective). See also Latin populus and the Greek-origin borrowing plēthōra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plēbs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin."
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
169,
174
]
],
"english": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"ref": "4th-5th century AD [2nd century BC], Servius, quoting Cassius Hemina, Annals, quoted in In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros:",
"text": "'circum fremunt': quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo “ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset” , id est recusare.",
"translation": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-Nxxi7QW4",
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"ref": "4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 9.11",
"text": "Quod si nullam progeniem tulerint favi, duas vel tres alv(e)orum plebes in unam contribuere licebit, sed prius respersas dulci liquore",
"translation": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"populace, population, stock"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-7z5HAPTb",
"links": [
[
"populace",
"populace"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable and uncountable) populace, population, stock"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "la:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 14 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"ref": "396 CE, Augustine of Hippo, Letters 33.4",
"text": "aut si per epistolas agi placet, ipsae plebibus recitentur, ut aliquando non plebes, sed plebs una dicatur.",
"translation": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"laity, congregation, parish"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-CyVysM4w",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"laity",
"laity"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, countable and uncountable, Christianity) laity, congregation, parish"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫeːps]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛbs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "itc-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plēbs"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin plēbs",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin plēbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "plebs m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plebs"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"plebs"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"id": "en-plebs-pl-noun-rADtLqoU",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, derogatory) plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "pl:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 1 20 0 23 4 5 1 9 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 22 0 25 4 6 0 9 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"id": "en-plebs-pl-noun-sDV5OnY0",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, historical, Ancient Rome) plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"collective",
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplɛps/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛps"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "plebs m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plebej"
},
{
"word": "plebejec"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, commoners"
],
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"commoners",
"commoners"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛps]"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plēbs"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plēbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "plebs n (uncountable, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"plebs"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plebejer"
},
{
"word": "plebejisch"
},
{
"word": "plebisciet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, rabble, riffraff"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) plebs, rabble, riffraff"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gepeupel"
},
{
"word": "gespuis"
},
{
"word": "grauw"
},
{
"word": "tuig van de richel"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛps/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-plebs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg/Nl-plebs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛbz",
"Rhymes:English/ɛbz/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Roman Empire",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plebs",
"4": "plēbs",
"5": "the plebeian class"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”), variant of earlier plēbēs. Later also understood as the plural of pleb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "plebs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pleb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of pleb"
],
"links": [
[
"pleb",
"pleb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛbz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛbz"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛbz",
"Rhymes:English/ɛbz/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Roman Empire",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "plebiscite"
},
{
"word": "tribune of the plebs"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plebs",
"4": "plēbs",
"5": "the plebeian class"
},
"expansion": "Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plēbs (“the plebeian class”), variant of earlier plēbēs. Later also understood as the plural of pleb.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "plebs pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plebeian"
},
{
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"word": "pleb"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
]
],
"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], line 92:",
"text": "Why I am going with my pidgeons to the tribunall Plebs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The plebeian class of Ancient Rome."
],
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The plebeian class of Ancient Rome."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebeiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1657, George Daniel, \"The Author\" in Poems, Vol. II, p. 131",
"roman": "Then Stop the giddie Clamouring of Plebs...",
"text": "For 'tis an Easier Thing\nTo make Trees Leape, and Stones selfe-burthens bring\n(As once Amphion to the walls of Thæbes,)"
},
{
"text": "1993, Max Cavalera, \"Refuse/Resist\", Sepultura, Chaos A.D.\nChaos A.D. / Tanks On The Streets / Confronting Police / Bleeding The Plebs"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
163,
168
]
],
"ref": "2000, James Fentress, chapter 1, in Rebels & Mafiosi: Death in a Sicilian Landscape:",
"text": "The history of Palermo was punctuated by such uprisings; when they happened, the great barons simply fled to the safety of their country villas, leaving the urban plebs free to sack their palaces in the city.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "2009, Erica Benner, chapter 8, in Machiavelli's Ethics:",
"text": "The lesser plebs are not unscrupulous troublemakers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common people, especially (derogatory) the mob."
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonality"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonalty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "demos"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "everyone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "general public"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unhosed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "hoi polloi"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "lower class"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "many"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "mob"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "multitude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "odds and sods"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "peasantry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "populace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "proletariat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rabble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rank and file"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "working class"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛbz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛbz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùmín",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "popolamaso"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plebs"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"alt": "しょみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "seomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "서민"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "'avâm",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "عوام"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebéi",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "плебе́и"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "the lowest plebs",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "the lowest plebs",
"word": "populacho"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "concilium plēbis"
},
{
"word": "plēbēcula"
},
{
"word": "plēbicula"
},
{
"word": "plēbēius"
},
{
"word": "plēbicola"
},
{
"word": "plēbiscītum"
},
{
"word": "plēbitās"
},
{
"word": "tribūnus plēbis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pleb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pliveíos",
"word": "πληβείος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"f"
],
"roman": "pliveía",
"word": "πληβεία"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the plural"
],
"word": "*pluɨβ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "plēbēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin plēbēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plēðwēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðwēs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₂s",
"4": "*pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληθῡ́ς",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔",
"3": "",
"4": "plebeian",
"pos": "nom. sg."
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plēðros",
"pos": "a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Latin populus",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin plēbēs, from Proto-Italic *plēðwēs, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és (whence Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)), from the root *pleh₁- (“fill”), whence pleō. Cognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.), perhaps derived from Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective). See also Latin populus and the Greek-origin borrowing plēthōra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plēbs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin."
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
169,
174
]
],
"english": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"ref": "4th-5th century AD [2nd century BC], Servius, quoting Cassius Hemina, Annals, quoted in In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros:",
"text": "'circum fremunt': quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo “ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset” , id est recusare.",
"translation": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin countable nouns",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"ref": "4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 9.11",
"text": "Quod si nullam progeniem tulerint favi, duas vel tres alv(e)orum plebes in unam contribuere licebit, sed prius respersas dulci liquore",
"translation": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"populace, population, stock"
],
"links": [
[
"populace",
"populace"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable and uncountable) populace, population, stock"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"Latin countable nouns",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns",
"la:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"ref": "396 CE, Augustine of Hippo, Letters 33.4",
"text": "aut si per epistolas agi placet, ipsae plebibus recitentur, ut aliquando non plebes, sed plebs una dicatur.",
"translation": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"laity, congregation, parish"
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"laity",
"laity"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, countable and uncountable, Christianity) laity, congregation, parish"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫeːps]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛbs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Old Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛps",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛps/1 syllable",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "itc-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plēbs"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin plēbs",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin plēbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "plebs m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plebs"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"plebs"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, derogatory) plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"pl:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, historical, Ancient Rome) plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"collective",
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplɛps/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛps"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plebs meaning in All languages combined (25.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_description/20250107",
"msg": "Form tags without form: desc='plural plural-only', tagsets=[('plural', 'plural-only')]",
"path": [
"plebs"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "plebs",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.