See plebs on Wiktionary
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"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], line 92:",
"text": "Why I am going with my pidgeons to the tribunall Plebs.",
"type": "quotation"
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"The plebeian class of Ancient Rome."
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"ref": "a. 1657, George Daniel, \"The Author\" in Poems, Vol. II, p. 131",
"roman": "Then Stop the giddie Clamouring of Plebs...",
"text": "For 'tis an Easier Thing\nTo make Trees Leape, and Stones selfe-burthens bring\n(As once Amphion to the walls of Thæbes,)"
},
{
"text": "1993, Max Cavalera, \"Refuse/Resist\", Sepultura, Chaos A.D.\nChaos A.D. / Tanks On The Streets / Confronting Police / Bleeding The Plebs"
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"ref": "2000, James Fentress, chapter 1, in Rebels & Mafiosi: Death in a Sicilian Landscape:",
"text": "The history of Palermo was punctuated by such uprisings; when they happened, the great barons simply fled to the safety of their country villas, leaving the urban plebs free to sack their palaces in the city.",
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"ref": "2009, Erica Benner, chapter 8, in Machiavelli's Ethics:",
"text": "The lesser plebs are not unscrupulous troublemakers.",
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}
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],
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"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonality"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
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"word": "crowd"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
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{
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unhosed"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "hoi polloi"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"word": "plebs"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
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"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
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{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùmín",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
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"word": "popolamaso"
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{
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"code": "fr",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
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"lang_code": "gl",
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Plebs"
},
{
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"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "it",
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"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"alt": "しょみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "ko",
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"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "seomin",
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"word": "서민"
},
{
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"code": "sh",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
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"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
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"roman": "plebs",
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"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "'avâm",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "عوام"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "pl",
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"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "pt",
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"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebéi",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "плебе́и"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 75",
"code": "es",
"english": "the lowest plebs",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "the lowest plebs",
"word": "populacho"
}
]
}
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{
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},
{
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}
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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]
},
{
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],
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{
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{
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],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) plebs, rabble, riffraff"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gepeupel"
},
{
"word": "gespuis"
},
{
"word": "grauw"
},
{
"word": "tuig van de richel"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 19 0 21 11 9 0 9 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 1 17 0 19 10 9 0 7 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 18 0 20 11 10 0 7 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 18 2 20 10 9 1 9 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"id": "en-plebs-nl-noun-74ntTuyS",
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) plebs, commoners (non-aristocratic class in ancient Rome, esp. during the Roman Republic)"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛps/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-plebs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg/Nl-plebs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Nl-plebs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "concilium plēbis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbēcula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbicula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbēius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbicola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbiscītum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plēbitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tribūnus plēbis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "pieve"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "piove"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pev"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "chieve"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piev"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plef"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plêv"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plief"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plieu"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pieue"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plié"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plaif"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plaiv"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "pleu"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "pievano"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piovano"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"raw_tags": [
"Muggia"
],
"word": "plavan"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piovan"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plevan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pluvan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "ploan"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plevon"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plavan"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pleb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pliveíos",
"word": "πληβείος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"f"
],
"roman": "pliveía",
"word": "πληβεία"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the plural"
],
"word": "*pluɨβ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "plēbēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin plēbēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληθύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθύς (plēthús)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-dʰw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-dʰw-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-b-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -b-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -d-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vidua"
},
"expansion": "Latin vidua",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁widʰéwh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plēðū- ~ *plēðw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðū- ~ *plēðw-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pléh₁dʰ-uh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pléh₁dʰ-uh₁-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔",
"3": "",
"4": "plebeian",
"pos": "nom. sg."
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plēðros",
"pos": "a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xve",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉"
},
"expansion": "Venetic 𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉 (pled⸱e⸱i)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Latin populus",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin plēbēs and ultimately from the root *pleh₁- (“fill”), though the exact development of the term is unclear.\n* According to Schrijver, the term derives from the same pre-form as Ancient Greek πληθύς (plēthús), which Schrijver derives from a hysterodynamic form *pléh₁dʰuh₁(s) (acc sg, *pl̥h₁dʰwéh₁m̥; gen sg, *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁ós). Schrijver suggests that Proto-Italic outcome of this sequence was *plēðūs, *plēðēm, *plēðes, wherein the oblique forms were generalized from the PIE accusative singular form. Ultimately, the inflectional pattern of such a form would be synchronically irregular, perhaps leading to a remodeling. The term was reshaped into a fifth-declension form on the basis of the accusative singular *plēðēm, just as diēs was created on the model of diēm.\n* Kortlandt, however, argues that Proto-Indo-European *-dʰw- would evolve into Latin -b-, whereas intervocalic *-dʰ- yields Latin -d- (e.g. Latin vidua < Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂). Thus, Kortlandt reconstructs an original proterodynamic paradigm. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *plēðū- ~ *plēðw-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₁dʰ-uh₁- (acc sg, *-uh₁m̥; gen sg, *-weh₁s).\n* The linguist Dariusz Piwowarczyk reconstructs an original u-stem *pleh₁dʰ-us ~ *pleh₁dʰwe/os, the oblique stem of which yielded plēbis, whence the nominative singulars plēbs and plēbēs emerged via back-formation. Piwowarczyk further suggests possible contamination from pūbēs.\nCognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.), perhaps derived from Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective). It is also possibly related to Venetic 𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉 (pled⸱e⸱i). See also Latin populus and the Greek-origin borrowing plēthōra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plēbs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"links": [
[
"plēbis",
"plebis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"links": [
[
"plēbs",
"plebs#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"links": [
[
"plēbis",
"plebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbium",
"links": [
[
"plēbium",
"plebium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbum",
"links": [
[
"plēbum",
"plebum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbī",
"links": [
[
"plēbī",
"plebi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"links": [
[
"plēbibus",
"plebibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbem",
"links": [
[
"plēbem",
"plebem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbīs",
"links": [
[
"plēbīs",
"plebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbe",
"links": [
[
"plēbe",
"plebe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"links": [
[
"plēbibus",
"plebibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"links": [
[
"plēbs",
"plebs#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin."
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
169,
174
]
],
"english": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"ref": "4th-5th century AD [2nd century BC], Servius, quoting Cassius Hemina, Annals, quoted in In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros:",
"text": "'circum fremunt': quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo “ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset” , id est recusare.",
"translation": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-Nxxi7QW4",
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"ref": "4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 9.11",
"text": "Quod si nullam progeniem tulerint favi, duas vel tres alv(e)orum plebes in unam contribuere licebit, sed prius respersas dulci liquore",
"translation": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"populace, population, stock"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-7z5HAPTb",
"links": [
[
"populace",
"populace"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable and uncountable) populace, population, stock"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "la:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 10 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 16 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"ref": "396 CE, Augustine of Hippo, Letters 33.4",
"text": "aut si per epistolas agi placet, ipsae plebibus recitentur, ut aliquando non plebes, sed plebs una dicatur.",
"translation": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"laity, congregation, parish"
],
"id": "en-plebs-la-noun-CyVysM4w",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"laity",
"laity"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, countable and uncountable, Christianity) laity, congregation, parish"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫeːps]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛbs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
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{
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},
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rank and file"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "working class"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plɛbz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛbz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùmín",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "popolamaso"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plebs"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"alt": "しょみん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "seomin",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "서민"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "rsk",
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "plebs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "'avâm",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "عوام"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "The common people",
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebs",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "плебс"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "plebéi",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "плебе́и"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "the lowest plebs",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "The common people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "the lowest plebs",
"word": "populacho"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "concilium plēbis"
},
{
"word": "plēbēcula"
},
{
"word": "plēbicula"
},
{
"word": "plēbēius"
},
{
"word": "plēbicola"
},
{
"word": "plēbiscītum"
},
{
"word": "plēbitās"
},
{
"word": "tribūnus plēbis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "pieve"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "piove"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "pev"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "chieve"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piev"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plef"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plêv"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plief"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plieu"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pieue"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plié"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plaif"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plaiv"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"word": "pleu"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "pievano"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piovano"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"raw_tags": [
"Muggia"
],
"word": "plavan"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "piovan"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plevan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pluvan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "ploan"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plevon"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plavan"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pleb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pliveíos",
"word": "πληβείος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"f"
],
"roman": "pliveía",
"word": "πληβεία"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebbi"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"from the plural"
],
"word": "*pluɨβ"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plebe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "plēbēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin plēbēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληθύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πληθύς (plēthús)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-dʰw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-dʰw-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-b-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -b-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -d-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vidua"
},
"expansion": "Latin vidua",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁widʰéwh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plēðū- ~ *plēðw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðū- ~ *plēðw-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pléh₁dʰ-uh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pléh₁dʰ-uh₁-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔",
"3": "",
"4": "plebeian",
"pos": "nom. sg."
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plēðros",
"pos": "a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xve",
"2": "𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉"
},
"expansion": "Venetic 𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉 (pled⸱e⸱i)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Latin populus",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin plēbēs and ultimately from the root *pleh₁- (“fill”), though the exact development of the term is unclear.\n* According to Schrijver, the term derives from the same pre-form as Ancient Greek πληθύς (plēthús), which Schrijver derives from a hysterodynamic form *pléh₁dʰuh₁(s) (acc sg, *pl̥h₁dʰwéh₁m̥; gen sg, *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁ós). Schrijver suggests that Proto-Italic outcome of this sequence was *plēðūs, *plēðēm, *plēðes, wherein the oblique forms were generalized from the PIE accusative singular form. Ultimately, the inflectional pattern of such a form would be synchronically irregular, perhaps leading to a remodeling. The term was reshaped into a fifth-declension form on the basis of the accusative singular *plēðēm, just as diēs was created on the model of diēm.\n* Kortlandt, however, argues that Proto-Indo-European *-dʰw- would evolve into Latin -b-, whereas intervocalic *-dʰ- yields Latin -d- (e.g. Latin vidua < Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂). Thus, Kortlandt reconstructs an original proterodynamic paradigm. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *plēðū- ~ *plēðw-, itself from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₁dʰ-uh₁- (acc sg, *-uh₁m̥; gen sg, *-weh₁s).\n* The linguist Dariusz Piwowarczyk reconstructs an original u-stem *pleh₁dʰ-us ~ *pleh₁dʰwe/os, the oblique stem of which yielded plēbis, whence the nominative singulars plēbs and plēbēs emerged via back-formation. Piwowarczyk further suggests possible contamination from pūbēs.\nCognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.), perhaps derived from Proto-Italic *plēðros (adjective). It is also possibly related to Venetic 𐌐𐌋𐌄𐌃⸱𐌄⸱𐌉 (pled⸱e⸱i). See also Latin populus and the Greek-origin borrowing plēthōra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plēbs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"links": [
[
"plēbis",
"plebis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"links": [
[
"plēbs",
"plebs#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"links": [
[
"plēbis",
"plebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbium",
"links": [
[
"plēbium",
"plebium#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbum",
"links": [
[
"plēbum",
"plebum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbī",
"links": [
[
"plēbī",
"plebi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"links": [
[
"plēbibus",
"plebibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbem",
"links": [
[
"plēbem",
"plebem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbīs",
"links": [
[
"plēbīs",
"plebis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbe",
"links": [
[
"plēbe",
"plebe#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbibus",
"links": [
[
"plēbibus",
"plebibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbs",
"links": [
[
"plēbs",
"plebs#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"links": [
[
"plēbēs",
"plebes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbēs",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
},
{
"form": "plēbis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((plēbs<3.I>,plēbs<3>))",
"footnote": "The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin."
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
147,
152
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
169,
174
]
],
"english": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"ref": "4th-5th century AD [2nd century BC], Servius, quoting Cassius Hemina, Annals, quoted in In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros:",
"text": "'circum fremunt': quidam hoc loco 'fremunt' id est imperia recusant intellegunt, ut apud Cassium in annalium secundo “ne quis regnum occuparet, si plebs nostra fremere imperia coepisset” , id est recusare.",
"translation": "\"circum fremunt': Some in this place understand that they 'grumble' that is, protest commands, as Cassius in the second book of Annals: \"lest anyone seize power, if the plebs started to 'grumble' our commands\", that is, to protest.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"links": [
[
"plebeian",
"plebeian"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebeians, plebs, common people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin countable nouns",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"ref": "4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 9.11",
"text": "Quod si nullam progeniem tulerint favi, duas vel tres alv(e)orum plebes in unam contribuere licebit, sed prius respersas dulci liquore",
"translation": "1954 translation by E. S. Forster, Edward H. Heffner\nBut if the combs have produced no offspring, it will be open to you to bring together the population of two or three hives into one, but only after they have been sprinkled with sweet liquid",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"populace, population, stock"
],
"links": [
[
"populace",
"populace"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable and uncountable) populace, population, stock"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"Latin countable nouns",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin uncountable nouns",
"la:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"ref": "396 CE, Augustine of Hippo, Letters 33.4",
"text": "aut si per epistolas agi placet, ipsae plebibus recitentur, ut aliquando non plebes, sed plebs una dicatur.",
"translation": "or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not \"congregations\", but one congregation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"laity, congregation, parish"
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"laity",
"laity"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin, countable and uncountable, Christianity) laity, congregation, parish"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"countable",
"declension-3",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫeːps]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplɛbs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛps",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛps/1 syllable",
"pl:Collectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:plēbs",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin plēbslbor.\nPolish plebs\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"plēbs\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"plebs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"plebs\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin plēbs.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin plēbslbor.\nPolish plebs\nLearned borrowing from Latin plēbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plebsie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "plebs m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plebs"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"plebs"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, derogatory) plebs (common people, hoi polloi, the mob)"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"pl:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"plebs",
"plebs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, historical, Ancient Rome) plebs (plebeian class of Ancient Rome)"
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"collective",
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplɛps/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛps"
}
],
"word": "plebs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plebs meaning in All languages combined (31.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_description/20250107",
"msg": "Form tags without form: desc='plural plural-only', tagsets=[('plural', 'plural-only')]",
"path": [
"plebs"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "plebs",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.